Assessment-Gravity Mass & Distance (Elliott Only)

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2) Next type in your teacher’s name in the “ID” box.
3) Then type in your school’s full name in the “Email” box.
4) Select the best answer for each question.
5) When you are finished click the “Grade and Submit” button.
6) The grade will be emailed to your teacher.

NOTE: This assessment is only for Mr. Elliott’s students.
---If you are not one of Mr. Elliott’s students then please go back to the website and click on the link for other teachers. Thanks!

Two Baseballs (close together)	Two Baseballs (farther apart)
. .	. .

When will the gravitational attraction be greatest between these two baseballs?

a.	when they are 20 meters apart	c.	when they are 10 meters apart
b.	when they are 1 meter apart	d.	when they are 5 meters apart

Four planets orbit a distant star. Each planet has approxitmately the same volume, but they are different distances from the star (see diagram below).

Which planet has the least gravitational attraction to the star?

Planet C

Planet D

Planet A

Planet B

The Moon	Saturn	Earth

Mass: 0.0123 M_E	Mass: 95.159 M_E	Mass: 1.000 M_E

Examine the diagrams displayed above: (1) The Moon, (2) Saturn, and (3) The Earth.
Which of these celestial objects has the GREATEST amount of gravity and why?

a.	Earth has the least gravity because it has the least amount of mass.
b.	Saturn has the least gravity because it has the largest amount of mass.
c.	Saturn has the greatest gravity because it has the largest amount of mass.
d.	The Moon has the least gravity because it has the smallest amount of mass.

A solar system is discovered that has three planets revolving around a single star
(see diagram below).

Which planet in this solar system has the least gravitational attraction to the star?

Planet Z

Planet Y

Planet X

Planet 3

At the center of our Milky Way galaxy, there is a super-massive black hole. The gravity from this black hole is tremendous. Yet planet Earth is in no danger from this huge black hole.

Select the answer that correctly explains this.

a.	This black hole’s mass is 3 million times greater than our sun. So it is no danger to us.
b.	This black hole contains a singularity which reduces the gravitation force to zero.
c.	The affect of gravity decreases over distance, and this black hole is very far away.
d.	Unlike other celestial objects, black holes do not have any gravity.

Planet Jupiter	Planet Mars	The Sun

Mass: 317.83 M_E	Mass: 0.107 M_E	Mass: 333,000 M_E

Examine the illustrations and information about three celestial objects from our solar system.
Which one of these celestial objects has the LEAST amount of gravity and why?

a.	The sun has the greatest gravity because it has the largest amount of mass.
b.	Mars has the least gravity because it has the largest amount of mass.
c.	Jupiter has the least gravity because it has the smallest amount of mass.
d.	Mars has the least gravity because it has the smallest amount of mass.

To send astronauts to the Moon in 1969, NASA scientists had to consider the effects of gravity.
Which choice accurately describes gravity’s effect concerning mass and distance?

a.	Mass: an object with more mass has more gravity Distance: gravity increases or decreases depending on the distance
b.	Mass: an object with less mass has more gravity Distance: gravity decreases as distance increases
c.	Mass: an object with no mass has more gravity Distance: gravity always increases when objects are farther away
d.	Mass: mass, volume, and density are basic features of all matter Distance: closer objects always have less gravity due to the magnetic field

The Sun	The Moon
. .	. . . . .

The sun contains much more mass than the Moon. In fact the Sun contains more mass than all the planets and moons in our solar system combined.
Which statement best explains why the moon, despite its smaller size, has a greater effect on Earth’s ocean tides than the sun does?

a.	The moon has a lower surface temperature.
b.	The moon and Earth have the same composition.
c.	The moon produces less light than the sun.
d.	The moon is much closer to Earth.

Earth	Unopened can of Coke	Moon
.	. .	. .

On Earth an unopened can of Coke weighs about 390 Newtons. The same unopened can on the Moon weighs about 65 Newtons because the Moon has less gravity than Earth.
Why does the Moon have less gravity than planet Earth?

a.	The Earth has less matter than the Moon (less mass).
b.	The Moon contains less matter than Earth (less mass).
c.	The Moon contains fewer chemical elements than Earth.
d.	The Moon contains less water (H₂O) than the Earth.

10.

If Earth and Jupiter were the same distance away from the sun, which planet would have a greater gravitational attraction to the sun and why?

a.	Jupiter would have a greater gravitational attraction to the sun, because Jupiter has more mass than Earth.
b.	Jupiter would have a greater gravitational attraction to the sun, because Jupiter has a larger volume than Earth.
c.	Earth would have a greater gravitational attraction to the sun, because Earth has a higher average temperature than Jupiter.
d.	Earth would have a greater gravitational attraction to the sun, because Earth has a greater density than Jupiter.