Stnd 18: Rock Classifications
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1.
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Geological Forces: Sediment from the mountains is suspended in this
flowing river. Multi-Select
QuestionWhich forces were responsible for breaking down the mountain rock into small
pieces of sediment? (Select 3 of these 5 choices).
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2.
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Diagram 01 below displays an igneous rock buried in soil. Diagram 02 below
shows the same rock many years later exposed at ground level. Your teacher asks you to
explain how the rock became exposed at the surface and what is likely to happen to the exposed rock.
a. | You describe how heat and pressure can and does change rocks. In this instance you
explain how the pressure from below pushed the rock up to the surface. | b. | You explain that
igneous rock is formed when heat in the Earth melts solid rock. You also mention that when this rock
cools it will again become solid. | c. | You affirm that a geologic process called
uplift has moved this rock to the surface. You explain that uplift from tectonic plate movement forms
mountain ranges. | d. | You state that weathering from rain and wind has eroded soil to expose this rock. You
also mention that this same kind of weathering will in time break off small pieces of this igneous
rock which will likewise be transported away as sediment. |
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3.
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Geological Processes: Sediment from the mountains is suspended in this
flowing river. Step 1: Solid rock deep in
the earth was heated and liquefied (melted). Step 2: The liquid rock cooled and solidified.
Uplift brought the solid rock to the surface. Step 3: Weathering and erosion broke off and
moved small pieces of this rock into the river. Which choice most accurately presents the
geologic processes described in the steps above.
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4.
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Some processes in the rock cycle are described in the chart below. Example 01: Solid rock
underground remains unchanged for millions of years. Then convection currents from deep in the Earth
form a huge magma chamber which melts this rock. Some of this magma erupts at the surface as lava and
cools back into solid rock. | Example 02:
Limestone rock near a tectonic plate boundary is slowly heated and pressurized over millions of
years changing this rock into marble. | Example 03: A river flows into the ocean and drops particles of sediment as the flow
of water decreases. Over long periods of time, this forms layers of sedimentary rock on the
seafloor. | | Which
classification of rock is being described in example 01 above, and how does this represent stability
and change?
a. | Example 01 is describing the formation of igneous rock. The melted rock erupting at
the surface represents stability. The rock remaining the same in the ground for millions of years
represents change. | b. | Sedimentary rock formation is being described
in example 03. Weathering and erosion must occur for long periods of time to keep the river
continuously flowing with sediment (stability). Then as the sediment piles up into layers it becomes
compacted forming sedimentary rock (change). | c. | Example 01 is describing igneous rock
formation. The rock remains the same (stablility) for a long period of time. Then heat from the magma
chamber melts the rock which is a phase change (change of state). | d. | Example 01 is
describing metamorphic rock. This rock was unchanged for millions of years, but then heat and
pressure changed it to a new form of rock. The time when it stayed the same represents stability, and
the time when metamorphism occurred represents change. |
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5.
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Slowly over millions of years, grains of sand were continuously deposited in
layers on the bottom of a shallow sea near two tectonic plate boundaries. Compaction and cementation
transformed these layers into sandstone. Later, plate movement uplifted and bent the sandstone layers
and changed the sandstone into quartzite. Cross Cutting Concept: | Science and Engineering
Practice | Cause and Effect | Construct
Explanations | | | Two-Part ItemPart 1: What cause and effect
connections occurred in this scenario? Part 2: Explain how the sandstone was changed into
quartzite.
a. | Part 1: Cause-chemical reactions, Effect-solid rock was liquefied Part
2: Quartzite forms due to interactions in the electron shells of atoms in
sandstone. | b. | Part 1: Cause-weathering and erosion, Effect-sand particles washed out to
sea Part 2: Magma chambers heated and melted the sandstone changing it into
quartzite. | c. | Part 1: Cause: first action or event, Effect: second action connected to the
first event Part 2: Heat and pressure converted the sandstone into
quartzite. | d. | Part 1: Cause-tectonic plate movement, Effect-uplift and bending of sandstone
layers Part 2: Pressure from plate movement formed quartzite from
sandstone. |
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