(2019-2020) Study Guide for Test 02-Forty Questions

Name:

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Examine the apparatus shown in the illustration containing two circular magnets. Notice that magnet A is levitating above magnet B due to a non-contact force.

Illustration A

Which of the following statements correctly describes what is happening in this diagram?

a.	The top of magnet B is positively charged, and the bottom of magnet A is also positively charged. This is showing electrostatic repulsion (opposites attract).
b.	The bottom of magnet A is a north pole, and the bottom of magnet B is also a north pole. This is showing magnetic attraction (opposites attract).
c.	The polarity at the top of magnet B is the same as the polarity at the bottom of magnet A. This is showing magnetic repulsion (like repels).

Two cars collide head-on. At every moment during the collision, the magnitude of the force the first car exerts on the second is exactly equal to the magnitude of the force the second car exerts on the first.
How is this collision an example of Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion?

a.	Both cars had momentum and inertia before the collision. After the collision, both cars no longer have inertia or momentum.
b.	We do not have enough information to determine the force of the impact as we do not know the mass or the acceleration of the cars before the collision.
c.	Since the collision was equal and opposite, we can say that an equal force was exerted on both cars.

The Nebular Theory describes and explains how solar systems start as huge clouds of cosmic dust called nebulas and are changed into stars and planets by gravity.

4.6 Billion Years Ago	Now

Select the choice below that correctly orders the steps of the Nebular Theory.

a.	Step One: The Big Bang occurred resulting in the rapid expansion of our universe. Step Two: Solar systems began to form not long after the Big Bang. Step Three: Our solar system was the very first one to form. Step Four: Today, dark energy is pushing all other solar systems away from our sun.
b.	Step One: Gravity pulled together atoms in a nebula into larger and larger clumps. Step Two: The largest clump of matter (mostly hydrogen) began to heat up. Step Three: Nuclear fusion occurred in this largest clump, and a star was formed. Step Four: Smaller clumps of matter around the star formed into planets.
c.	Step One: Gravitational attraction in a nebula pulled together clumps of atoms. Step Two: The largest clump formed into Jupiter, our largest planet. Step Three: One of the smaller clumps formed into planet Earth. Step Four: After the planets formed, nuclear fusion occurred to form the Sun.

A force of 5N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s/s to 3.0 m/s/s within five seconds along a level surface.
What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?

a.	if the mass of the box was decreased it would require more force.
b.	if friction was reduced between the box and the surface it would require more force.
c.	if the mass of the box was increased it would require more force.

The diagram below shows a 5.00 kg block at rest on a horizontal, frictionless table. Gravity is acting on this block, and the acceleration of gravity on Earth is 9.807 m/s².

Which of the following diagrams best represents the force exerted on the block by the table?

Slowly over millions of years, grains of sand were continuously deposited in layers on the bottom of a shallow sea near two tectonic plate boundaries. Compaction and cementation transformed these layers into sandstone. Later, plate movement uplifted and bent the sandstone layers and changed the sandstone into quartzite.

Cross Cutting Concept:	Science and Engineering Practice
Cause and Effect	Construct Explanations

Two-Part Item
Part 1: What cause and effect connections occurred in this scenario?
Part 2: Explain how the sandstone was changed into quartzite.

a.	Part 1: Cause-tectonic plate movement, Effect-uplift and bending of sandstone layers Part 2: Pressure from plate movement formed quartzite from sandstone.
b.	Part 1: Cause: first action or event, Effect: second action connected to the first event Part 2: Heat and pressure converted the sandstone into quartzite.
c.	Part 1: Cause-weathering and erosion, Effect-sand particles washed out to sea. Part 2: Magma chambers heated and melted the sandstone changing it into quartzite.

The Ring of Fire is an area of ongoing and frequent tectonic and volcanic activity along the edges of the Pacific plate. More than 75% of the world’s volcanoes can be found along this 40,000km stretch.

Determine the primary cause and effect connection which explains why the Ring of Fire has such a high frequency of geological activity.

a.	*Cause:* The movement of the Pacific plate causes it to crash into other plates. *Effect:* Friction and heat at plate boundaries causes earthquakes and volcanic activity.
b.	*Cause:* The Ring of Fire’s crust is very thin and allows molten rock to flow upwards. *Effect:* This high-volume release of magma causes earthquake and volcanic activity.
c.	*Cause:* The Eurasian plate is moving away from the Pacific plate near Japan. *Effect:* This huge divergent boundary results in earthquakes and forms volcanoes.

Two students decided to use their knowledge about non-contact forces to build a hoverboard park. They embedded thousands of bar magnets into the surface of the floor with the north poles facing up.

Hoverboard Skatepark

What would the polarity of the bottom of the hoverboard have to be in order to overcome the non-contact force of gravity (to levitate the board), and what kind of non-contact force would this demonstrate?

a.	---Instead of magnets, they could simply mount wheels on the board. ---This would demonstrate electrostatic force.
b.	---Hoverboards would not have any polarity since they are made of aluminum. ---This would demonstrate nuclear forces.
c.	---The bottom of the hoverboard would have to be a north pole. ---This would demonstrate magnetism.

Both dogs in the picture below have the same mass, and they both are exerting the same amount of force on the rope toy,

What is most likely to happen when the rope toy breaks in the middle as a result of the forces the dogs are exerting?

a.	The dogs will be thrown backwards, in opposite directions from each other, the same distance.
b.	The breaking of the rope toy will create unbalanced forces that only affect one of the dogs, causing one dog to be thrown backwards.
c.	One dog will be thrown backwards while the other dog will be able to move forwards.

A glimpse into the future of space exploration.

In 2021, a new spherical dwarf planet was discovered in our solar system in a large elliptical orbit past Pluto. It was given the name of Ajax, and a robotic space probe containing a seismometer was launched in 2022 to explore it. This space probe contained special explosive charges that were detonated on Ajax’s surface to examine the internal structure of this dwarf planet my tracking the seismic waves from the explosion. The seismic wave data from this experiment is shown in the two tables below.

10.

Examine the information in Ajax Data Table 01 and 02 to answer this question.
What was the thickness of the second layer of rock revealed by the seismic wave data from Ajax, and which of the following diagrams is the best model of this dwarf planet?

a.	The second layer was 450 km thick. Model Three is the best diagram.	c.	The second layer was 600 km thick. Model Four is the best diagram.
b.	The second layer was 600 km thick. Model Two is the best diagram.

11.

Examine the information in Ajax Data Table 01 and 02 to answer this question.
At what depth was the second anomaly discovered, and what evidence demonstrated that the rock at this depth is not molten (magma).

a.	The second anomaly was at a depth of 750 km. Since P-Waves were able to propagate through this substance, it must have been solid rock.
b.	The second anomaly was at a depth of 900 km. Since the speed at this depth was an even number for both P and S-Waves, it could not have been magma.
c.	The second anomaly was at a depth of 750 km. Since S-Waves were able to propagate through this substance, it could not be magma.

12.

Examine the information in Ajax Data Table 01 and 02 to answer this question.
At what depth was the first anomaly discovered, and what evidence is there that the rock was solid at this depth?

a.	The first anomaly was at a depth of 1000 km. Since S-Waves were not able to propagate through this substance, it must have been liquid rock.
b.	The second anomaly was at a depth of 150 km. Since both P-waves and S-Waves were able to propagate through this substance, it must have been solid rock.
c.	The first anomaly was at a depth of 150 km. Since S-Waves were able to propagate through this substance, it must have been solid rock.

13.

Some processes in the rock cycle are described in the chart below.

Example 01: Solid rock underground remains unchanged for millions of years. Then convection currents from deep in the Earth form a huge magma chamber which melts this rock. Some of this magma erupts at the surface as lava and cools back into solid rock.

Example 02: Limestone rock near a tectonic plate boundary is slowly heated and pressurized over millions of years changing this rock into marble.

Example 03: A river flows into the ocean and drops particles of sediment as the flow of water decreases. Over long periods of time, this forms layers of sedimentary rock on the seafloor.

Which classification of rock is being described in example 01 above, and how does the statement represent stability and change?

a.	Example 01 is describing the formation of igneous rock. The melted rock erupting at the surface represents stability. The rock remaining the same in the ground for millions of years represents change.
b.	Example 01 is describing igneous rock formation. The rock remains the same (stability) for a long period of time. Then heat from a magma intrunsion melts the rock which is a phase change (change of state).
c.	Sedimentary rock formation is being described in example 03. Weathering and erosion must occur for long periods of time to keep the river continuously flowing with sediment (stability). Then as the sediment piles up into layers it becomes compacted forming sedimentary rock (change).

14.

Examine the two models of electromagnets shown below.

Model W	Model X

A group of students constructed a model of an electromagnet which was able to lift two paper clips (see Model W above).

1) Ask Questions:
How does electricity moving through the wire convert the nail into a temporary magnet?

2) Define Problems:
Model W can only lift two paper clips. What change would enbable it to lift more paper clips?

a.	1) A non-contact force (nuclear strong force) forms a magnetic field in the nail. 2) To solve this problem, they could use a plastic or glass core (see Model X).
b.	1) Electrical current forms a magnetic field which realigns the atoms in the nail. 2) One solution is to add more coils to the iron core (see Model X above).
c.	1) A non-contact force (gravitational attraction) realigns the atoms in the nail. 2) One solution to this problem is to add more batteries to the model.

15.

Astronomers use telescopes that observe across all portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, from low-energy radio and microwaves to high-energy gamma rays and x-rays. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large space telescope scheduled to launch in 2021, and it will mainly detect infrared radiation.

James Webb Space Telescope

JWST is designed to examine red shifted celestial objects by collecting infrared radiation which will help us learn more about the earliest galaxies formed after the Big Bang.
How can red-shifted images from distant galaxies help us better understand how they formed after the Big Bang?

a.	This type of telescope uses a convex lens to gather and focus electromagnetic waves.
b.	The data collected by JWST will enable us to look back in time billions of years ago.
c.	JWST is designed to land on Mars and to analyze the composition of this red planet.

16.

According to the Big Bang model, none of the elements shown below could have existed during the early stages of the formation of the universe.

Sodium	Mercury	Oxygen

Identify the cause and effect connection that supports the previously given statement concerning these three elements.

a.	Cause: Mercury is a metal with an atomic number of 80. Effect: It was too hot for metals to exist in the early universe. Only gases existed.
b.	Cause: Hydrogen, the most simple of all elements, was the first atom formed. Effect: Gravity in stars formed all later atoms starting with hydrogen, then helium, etc.
c.	Cause: There is no air in space. Effect: So, oxygen did not exist until planets like Earth were formed.

17.

To support his Continental Drift theory, Alfred Wegener studied fossils found on different continents. He discovered that Mesosaurus fossils (a freshwater reptile from the Permian period) provided good evidence that supported his ideas concerning tectonic plate movement.

How do Mesosaurus fossils support the Continental Drift/Plate Tectonics theory?

a.	These organisms may have been extinguished during the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction that is estimated to have wiped out approximately 96% of life on Earth.
b.	Mesosaur fossils are found in South America and Africa. As a freshwater organism, it is highly unlikely that these reptiles could swim across the vast Atlantic Ocean.
c.	Mesosaurs were slender carnivorous reptiles that thrived in the Permian period, and they are related to modern turtles and tortoises.

18.

Located about 62 million light years from Earth is the Antennae galaxy which is a combination of two galaxies that collided in the distant past. This collision has triggered the formation of millions of stars in huge nebulae. Astronomers have been studying these stars in the Antennae galaxy by using Spectrographic technology.
Which of the following statements best describes the type of information that astronomers gathered by using spectrographs?

a.	They collected data about the chemical composition of the stars in this galaxy.
b.	They examined infrared images from objects in the Antennae galaxy.
c.	They detected radio waves being emitted from the Antennae galaxy stars.

19.

A science teacher did a demonstration by dropping two balls together at the same time with the smaller ball resting on the larger ball. Immediately after the larger ball impacted the floor, the smaller ball was launched upwards.

Diagram 01	Diagram 02

Two-Part Question
Part 1: What caused the smaller ball to accelerate upward at such a high rate?
Part 2: Would this same phenomena occur if you used two identical basketballs?

a.	Part 1: The action/reaction effect launched the smaller ball upwards. Part 2: A basketball would not reach the same velocity that the small ball did.
b.	Part 1: The difference in volume caused the smaller ball to accelerate. Part 2: Basketballs have a greater mass. Therefore it would have more momentum.
c.	Part 1: The smaller ball traveled with a higher velocity downwards. Part 2: The basketballs would not reach the same velocity.

20.

In 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake caused a devastating tsunami to strike the coastline of Japan. The tsunami wave was estimated to be 33 feet high and traveled at 500 miles per hour through the Pacific Ocean. The impact from this huge wave flooded and severely damaged the Fukushima Daiich Nuclear Power Plant which released harmful radiation.

Two-Part Item

Part One:	What is the cause and effect connection between an earthquake and a tsunami?
Part Two	What is one engineering solution that could reduce damage to Japan’s remaining nuclear power plants in the future?

a.	Part One: When volcanoes erupt on the surface of continents, strong seismic waves are propagated through the crust to the ocean floor. These waves form tsunamis which can cause massive damage and loss of life in coastal regions. Part Two: Japanese engineers should investigate magnetic field technology to shield their nuclear power plants from future tsunami impacts.
b.	Part One: When plates slide past one another at transform boundaries, earthquakes often occur. The seismic waves (S-Waves) from these earthquakes forms tsunamis. Part Two: The United Nations should lead the effort to increase the elevation of the Japanese islands to avoid any future damage to their nuclear power plants.
c.	Part One: When large slabs of rock are displaced on the ocean floor, a massive amount of water is forced into motion. This motion can become a tsunami when the moving water reaches a shoreline. Part Two: Tall and strong concrete sea walls higher than any recorded tsunami should be constructed around any Japanese nuclear power plant near the coast.

21.

Examine the following diagram that shows convection currents in the mantle.

How is it possible for rising heat from the Earth’s core to move solid rock in the asthenosphere upwards?

a.	At convergent boundaries, tectonic plates collide resulting in subduction and/or mountain formation. This process formed the Andes mountains in South America
b.	Intense heat from the Earth’s core results in a phase change in the mantle converting the asthenosphere and lithosphere into liquid magma.
c.	Heat from the core makes the asthenosphere ductile, viscous, and less dense. Then convection currents make it flow upwards towards the lithosphere.

22.

The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m,/s². The force acting on an object on Earth is 22 Newtons.
What is the mass of this object on Earth?

a.	Mass of the object is 2.24 kilograms
b.	The mass is .445 kilograms
c.	The object’s mass is 215.6 kilograms

23.

Observations have revealed that the speed of light is the same throughout the universe, and we have measured the speed of light as 300,000 km/s (186, 000 miles per second). Furthermore, a light year is the distance light travels in 365 Earth days, and we have observed galaxies that are billions of light years away from us.
How does our understanding of the speed of light support the Big Bang model?

a.	This cosmic speed limit explains how gravity formed the first galaxies.
b.	Modern technology allows us to travel faster than light to examine the early universe.
c.	Due to this speed limit, we can look back in time to see how the universe formed.

Use the following data tables to help you answer the following question.

24.

Examine the information in Seismic Data Table 01 to answer this question.
What is the primary cause of seismic waves, and what pattern do you notice about the P-Waves as they propagated downward towards the center of our planet?

a.	Seismic waves mainly result from tectonic plate movement. The P-Waves slow down as they move through different rock layers within the Earth.
b.	Seismic waves mainly occur beneath the seas due to the mass of the water. P-Waves speed up as they travel down towards the center of the Earth.
c.	The primary cause of seismic waves are explosions from nuclear detonations. P-Waves are unable to travel through liquids. So, they cannot be detected in oceans.

25.

In the Earth-Moon system, our planet’s gravitational force affects the Moon while at the same time the Moon’s gravitational force affects the Earth.

Earth-Moon System

How does the Moon’s gravity cause the rise and fall of Earth’s ocean levels?

a.	Earth’s revolves on its axis, which causes oceans levels to rise facing the Moon.
b.	The Moon’s gravitational force “pulls” on the oceans as planet Earth rotates.
c.	The Sun’s gravitation force “pulls” on both the Earth and the Moon at different times.

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

26.

In the 1950s we discovered massive celestial objects emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy. We call them quasars, and they are huge black holes in the center of early galaxies with superheated gases jetting out from them along with radio waves.

Black Hole	Quasar

(Multi-Select Question)
At a science conference you are challenged to construct an explanation using cause and effect connections about how quasars support the Big Bang model.
(Select 2 choices).

a.	Quasars have tremendous luminosities due to the super-heated gas being expelled outwards in huge jets that are larger and longer than their host galaxies.
b.	Quasars are red shifted revealing that the universe is expanding. Since the universe is expanding today then in the past in must have been compacted into a smaller area.
c.	Unlike other celestial objects, quasars did not conform to Newtonian physics or to Einstein’s equations. Therefore we can conclude that they formed prior to the Big Bang.
d.	In 2017, a quasar was discovered that is 13.1 billion light years away allowing us to view the early stages of galaxy formation not long after the Big Bang event.

27.

Examine the rock cycle diagram shown below. The arrows represent processes that transform one type of rock into another.

Multi-Select Question
Which of the following processes could be included after arrow number 4?
(Select 3 choices)

a.	heat and pressure
b.	erosion and weathering
c.	cause and effect/stability and change
d.	transportation and deposition
e.	lithification (compaction and cementation)

28.

MRI machines use magnetic fields from powerful electromagnets to create images of the inside of a person’s body (see diagram below).

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI)

(Multi-Select Question)
How are the electromagnets in a MRI machine similar to all other electromagnets, and how could a doctor increase a MRI machines’ magnetic field (Select two choices).

a.	To increase the magnetic field of an MRI machine, increase the electrical current.
b.	They have coils of wire wrapped around iron cores connected to electrical current.
c.	MRI machines consist of many permanent magnets that cannot be turned off.
d.	To increase the magnetic field strength, speed up the motion of the solenoid.

29.

Scientists use both ground-based telescopes and space-based telescopes (in orbit) to examine celestial objects.

Ground-Based Telescopes	Space-Based Telescopes

Multi-Select Question
Identify three cause and effect relationships that explains why space-based telescopes have significant advantages over ground-based telescopes. (Select 3 choices)

a.	Light pollution degrades the clarity of space images with ground-based telescopes.
b.	Earth’s atmosphere filters out much of the infrared radiation from space.
c.	Space-based telescopes are in motion, but ground-based telescopes are stationary.
d.	Air absorbs most of the ultraviolet light radiating to our planet from outer space.

30.

Spring Tides: refers to the 'springing forth' of the tide during new and full moons.
Neap Tides: occurs seven days after a spring tide, refers to a period of moderate tides.

Spring Tide	Neap Tide

Contrast Spring Tides and Neap Tides, and select the cause and effect choice that correctly explains how these tides are formed. (Select two choices).

a.	Cause: The Moon’s gravity plus the Sun’s gravity pulls on Earth’s oceans. Effect: The oceans bulge upwards creating high and low tides around the planet.
b.	Cause: The Moon’s gravity causes the Earth to rotate and revolve. Effect: The Earth’s spinning motion results in ocean bulges called tides.
c.	Neap Tides occur when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to each other, but Spring Tides occur when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are in alignment.
d.	Low Tides occur when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to each other, but High Tides occur when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are in alignment.

31.

One famous space-based observatory is the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that was launched in 1990. HST has provided many significant images, but its hardware and software have degraded with the passing of time. Hubble’s replacement, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is scheduled to be launched in 2021. The HST is located in a close orbit to Earth, but the JWST will be located much farther out in an orbit beyond the Moon which will enable it to capture ever more radiation.

HST	JWST

	Detect Ultraviolet	Detect Visible Light	Detect Infrared	Mirror Diameter
Hubble Space Telescope	Yes	Yes	Some	2.4 m
James Webb Telescope	No	Some	Yes	6.5 m

(Multi-Select)
What are three factors that will enable the James Webb Space Telescope to provide better data than the older Hubble Space Telescope? (Select 3 choices)

a.	JWST will have enhanced technology for detecting low frequency radio waves.
b.	Orbiting farther from the Earth, JWST’s detection range is greater than HST’s range.
c.	The JWST will have newer/more advanced hardware and software than the HST.
d.	JWST has a larger mirror. (6.5 m diameter contrasted with HST’s 2.4 m diameter.)

32.

The diagram below shows some geological formations.

Multi-Selection Question
Which three locations in this diagram most likely show the formation of either igneous rock, metamorphic rock, or sedimentary rock? (Select 3 choices)

Location 1

Location 4

Location 2

Location 3

33.

Our solar system contains eight planets: The first four planets are called terrestrial planets.

What do the three terrestrial planets shown in the illustration above have in common?
(Select 2 choices.)

a.	The gravitational pull of the Sun holds these planets in their orbits.
b.	They remained close to the Sun after the sun’s radiation blew cosmic gas outwards.
c.	The magnetic pull from the Sun holds them in orbits as they revolve around the galaxy.
d.	These planets each formed in different solar systems millions of light years away.

34.

Plate tectonic movement best explains a variety of geological features found around the globe.

Multi-Select Question
Select three examples of geological features which support the theory of tectonic plate movement. (Select three answer choices.)

a.	Fossil evidence of plants and animals found across multiple continents.
b.	Mountain ranges formed along convergent plate boundaries.
c.	Volcanoes formed in subduction zones where plates are colliding with each other.
d.	The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (seafloor spreading) along a massive divergent plate boundary.
e.	Climate evidence contrasting modern climatic conditions with past climatic conditions.

35.

Tectonic plates are large pieces of the Earth’s crust that are constantly in motion. The edges where the plates meet are called plate boundaries.

Multi-Select Question
Using the map above, where would you expect to have a higher propensity for earthquake and volcanic activity? (Select three answer choices)

a.	At the Nazca Plate boundary and the South American Plate Boundary.
b.	At the Antarctic and Australian Plate boundary.
c.	At the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plate boundary.
d.	At the Eurasian Plate and Pacific Plate boundary.

36.

In areas surrounding the Ring of Fire at the edges of the Pacific plate, tsunamis, earthquakes and volcanoes are common geologic events that can effect human populations.

Tectonic Hazards
Earthquakes	Tsunamis	Volcanoes

Multi-Select Question
How have scientists, engineers, and governments taken precautions to help limit the negative effects on infrastructure and human life? (Select two answer choices)

a.	Governments have developed and implemented early warning systems for natural disasters such as volcanoes and earthquakes.
b.	Scientists have strategically placed monitoring equipment such as seismographs and GPS units near areas with high concentrations of earthquakes or volcanic activity.
c.	International organization such as the United Nations have called for banning deep sea drilling which is commonly believed to be the main cause of oceanic earthquakes.
d.	The United States Geological Survey (USGS) organization has developed a software program that can predict earthquake locations and times with 100% accuracy.

37.

On Earth an astronaut weighs 700 Newtons (about 157 pounds) and has a mass of 71 kilograms. On the Moon, the same astronaut weighs 117 Newtons (about 21 pounds).
What is the mass of this astronaut on the Moon, and what is the acceleration acting on the astronaut’s body when she is standing on the Earth? (select 2 choices)

a.	Mass on the Moon: 71 kilograms
b.	Mass on the Moon: 21 kilograms
c.	Acceleration on Earth: 9.8 m/s/s
d.	Acceleration on Earth: 3.2 m/s/s
e.	Force on the Moon: 162.2 Newtons

38.

(Multi-Select Question)
The composition of stars is considered to be supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory about the formation of the universe.

What are the two most common elements found in stars, and how does stellar composition support the inflation model? (Select Two Answers)

a.	The main elements in stars are hydrogen ( about 73%) and helium ( about 25%).
b.	Hydrogen was the first atom to form after the Big Bang followed later by helium.
c.	Stars formed when gravitational forces converted matter into solar energy.
d.	The main elements in stars are carbon (about 22%) and oxygen (about 76%).

39.

Imagine that you are a geologist in 1913 working with Alfred Wegener. You are attempting to find evidence to support his Continental Drift theory. Together you examine the Appalachian Mountains in North America, the Scottish Highlands in Great Britain, and the Caledonian Mountains in Scandinavia (see map below). You find that these mountain ranges have very similar features.

Multi-Select Question
As Wegener’s partner you are asked to construct an explanation about his Continental Drift theory. Which of the following statement about the previously mentioned mountain ranges would best support Wegener’s claims that the continents were once joined together as a single huge landmass. (Select three answer choices).

a.	The structure of the rock formations in these mountains are very similar.
b.	All of these mountain ranges were formed at divergent plate boundaries.
c.	All three of these mountain ranges are located in Arctic climate zones.
d.	These mountain ranges are composed of the same types of rocks.
e.	These mountain ranges are all the same age. (Formed at the same time).

40.

On Earth an astronaut weighs 980 Newtons (about 220 pounds) and has a mass of 100 kilograms. On the Moon, the same astronaut weighs 162.2 Newtons (about 37 pounds).

Moon	Astronaut	Earth

(Multi-Select Question) What is the mass of this astronaut on the Moon, and what is the acceleration acting on the astronaut’s body when she is standing on the Earth? (select 2 choices)

a.	Mass on the Moon: 100 kilograms
b.	Force on the Moon: 162.2 Newtons
c.	Mass on the Moon: 37 kilograms
d.	Acceleration on Earth: 9.8 m/s/s
e.	Acceleration on Earth: 1.6 m/s/s