Multiple Response Identify one
or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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1.
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Tectonic plates are large pieces of the Earth’s crust that are constantly
in motion. The edges where the plates meet are called plate boundaries. Multi-Select
Question
Using the map above, where would you expect to have a higher propensity for
earthquake and volcanic activity? (Select 3 of 5 choices)
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2.
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Examine the map shown below. Each triangle represents the location of an active
volcano at or near a tectonic plate boundary Multi-Select QuestionUse your knowledge of tectonic
plate movements and plate boundary interactions to determine the coordinates of three volcanoes
located along a divergent boundary. (Select 3 of 5 choices)
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3.
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Over a three-month period, seismic activity was detected in the Pacific Ocean at
the following five coordinates. Event 01: Box 2R | Event 04:
5Q | Event 02: Box 3Q | Event
05: 6P | Event 03: Box 4P | Event
06: 6Q | | |
Plotting
Instructions Latitude is represented by the horizontal
numbered lines (see numbers on the left.) Longitude is represented by the vertical lettered lines
(see letters at the top). First determine the latitude. Then determine the longitude. Example:
Tennessee is located the Box 4E | | | Multi-Select
Question
Map the six provided coordinates, and select an explanation that best describes
what they represent in relation to tectonic process. (Select 3 of 5 choices)
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4.
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In areas surrounding the Ring of Fire at the edges of the Pacific plate,
tsunamis, earthquakes and volcanoes are common geologic events that can effect human populations.
Tectonic Hazards | Earthquakes | Tsunamis | Volcanoes | | | | | | | Multi-Select QuestionHow have scientists,
engineers, and governments taken precautions to help limit the negative effects on infrastructure and
human life? (Select 3 of 5 choices)
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Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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5.
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Examine the two tables shown below. Table-A
shows the number of earthquakes worldwide above a magnitude 2.5 between 1973 and 1998. Table-B
shows where these earthquakes occurred during this same time period.
As part of a team of seismologists,
you are asked to construct an explanation linking the data is these two tables and to present your
conclusions at a USGS conference. Which one of the following explanations should you
use?
a. | As the number of magnitude 2.5 and higher earthquakes increased, the number of
locations decreased each year because all seismic activity in the Earth ceased in
1998. | b. | The locations of these earthquakes demonstrated that seismic activity mainly occurs
far from fault lines or plate boundaries | c. | Magnitude 2.5 and higher earthquakes mainly
occur along recognizable lines that represent tectonic plate boundaries. | d. | The frequency of
earthquakes clearly revealed that Earth’s geomagnetic field will soon flip poles as it has done
several times in the past. |
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6.
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In 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake caused a devastating tsunami to strike the
coastline of Japan. The tsunami wave was estimated to be 33 feet high and traveled at 500 miles per
hour through the Pacific Ocean. The impact from this huge wave flooded and severely damaged the
Fukushima Daiich Nuclear Power Plant which released harmful radiation on Japanese citizens. Two-Part ItemPart One: | Examine the diagram above to determine the correlation between an
earthquake and a tsunami. What is the cause and effect connection? | Part Two | Select an engineering solution for the future that
could reduce damage to Japan’s remaining nuclear power plants. | | |
a. | Part One: When large slabs of rock are displaced on the ocean floor, a
massive amount of water is forced into motion. This motion can become a tsunami when the moving water
reaches a shoreline. Part Two: Tall and strong concrete sea walls higher than any recorded
tsunami should be constructed around any Japanese nuclear power plant near the
coast. | b. | Part One: When volcanoes erupt on the surface of continents, strong seismic
waves are propagated through the crust to the ocean floor. These waves form tsunamis which can cause
massive damage and loss of life in coastal regions. Part Two: Japanese engineers should
investigate magnetic field technology to shield their nuclear power plants from future tsunami
impacts. | c. | Part One: When plates slide past one another at transform boundaries,
earthquakes often occur. The seismic waves (S-Waves) from these earthquakes forms tsunamis.
Part Two: The United Nations should lead the effort to increase the elevation of the
Japanese islands to avoid any future damage to their nuclear power plants. | d. | Part One:
When plates spread apart from each other at divergent boundaries, water is forced into motion. If
this wall of moving water approaches an island like Japan, it forms a massive tsunami also known as
tidal wave. Part Two: Japanese politicians should ban the construction of any new nuclear
power plants to avoid this kind of problem in the future. |
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7.
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If you compare a map of Earth’s plate boundaries with a map of the
locations of earthquakes and volcanoes over the last 15 years, you will observe that there is a clear
correlation. Select the explanation that best
explains why most earthquakes and volcanoes occur at or near plate boundaries.
a. | Plate boundaries are abstract mathematical constructs formulated from seismographic
data. However, earthquakes are physical manifestations of released tectonic
energy. | b. | As tectonic plates move away from each other, weak spots are created in the
Earth’s crust. The weak spots allow for the movement of magma through the lithosphere.
| c. | At plate boundaries, earthquakes occur due to friction and released tension.
Volcanoes also form at these locations due to the intense heat and pressure. | d. | Earthquakes only
occur at transform boundaries as the tectonic plates slide by each other. Volcanoes are only found at
convergent plate boundaries in the Ring of Fire. |
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8.
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Seismographic stations at numerous locations around the globe routinely detect
seismic activity in and around the Pacific basin. This arc of earthquakes and volcanoes is called the
Ring of Fire. What cause and effect relationship connects
the Ring of Fire, the Pacific Plate, and geologic activity in the area?
a. | Cause: Due to increased convection currents from the Earth’s core caused
by global warming, high-magnitude earthquakes are moving the Pacific plate to the
North. Effect: Therefore, volcanic activity along the Ring of Fire has
increased. | b. | Cause: The Pacific plate boundary is the largest subduction zone on
Earth.. Effect: Since the Pacific plate is moving under other plates at several locations,
geologic and volcanic activity has decreased significantly. | c. | Cause: The
Pacific plate is moving South toward Antarctica. Effect: This southern movement is forming
divergent zones at various plate boundaries leading to earthquakes and volcanoes. | d. | Cause: The
entire Pacific Plate is moving in a north-west direction. Effect: The Pacific Plate is
impacting other plates along the Ring of Fire leading to hotspots, earthquakes, and
volcanoes. |
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9.
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The Ring of Fire is an area of ongoing and frequent tectonic and volcanic
activity along the edges of the Pacific plate. More than 75% of the world’s volcanoes can be
found along this 40,000km stretch. Determine the primary cause and
effect connection which explains why the Ring of Fire has such a high frequency of geological
activity.
a. | Cause: The movement of the Pacific plate causes it to crash into other
plates. Effect: Friction and heat at plate boundaries causes earthquakes and
volcanic activity. | b. | Cause: The Ring of Fire’s
crust is very thin and allows molten rock to flow upwards. Effect: This
high-volume release of magma causes earthquake and volcanic activity. | c. | Cause:
The Eurasian plate is moving away from the Pacific plate near Japan. Effect:
This huge divergent boundary results in earthquakes and forms volcanoes. | d. | Cause:
This activity is mainly caused by tectonic processes at transform boundaries.
Effect: Transform boundaries often have subduction zones which form
volcanoes |
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10.
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Surtsey is a volcanic island that first appeared above the surface of the
Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Iceland in 1963. The island appeared where no land had been
previously located and has been intently studied by geologists ever since. What phenomena would explain how Surtsey
was formed along a divergent boundary?
a. | Surtsey was created as a result of plate interactions along the Ring of Fire in the
Pacific ocean. Due to ongoing tectonic processes along this geologically active arc, many volcanic
islands have been formed in this area over time. | b. | As the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spread apart, magma
flowed upward to the ocean floor and solidified. Over time, layer after layer of new rock was built
up high enough to the point where the island appeared about sea level. | c. | A massive magnitude
12 earthquake near Iceland created a deep crack in the Earth all the way down to the outer core which
poured millions of tons of melted rock to the ocean floor resulting in the formation of this
island. | d. | Surtsey was formed in a similar fashion to the Hawaiian Islands. As the tectonic
plate moved, a hotspot was created at a weak spot in the crust which allowed magma to flow through to
the ocean floor. Eventually this built up rock layers to form this
island. |
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