(Stnd 14) Study Guide-Big Bang

Name:

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

In the 1950s we discovered massive celestial objects emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy. We call them quasars, and they are huge black holes in the center of early galaxies with superheated gases jetting out from them along with radio waves.

Black Hole	Quasar

(Multi-Select Question)
At a science conference you are challenged to construct an explanation using cause and effect connections about how quasars support the Big Bang model.
(Select 2 of 5 choices).

a.	In 2017, a quasar was discovered that is 13.1 billion light years away allowing us to view the early stages of galaxy formation not long after the Big Bang event.
b.	Unlike other celestial objects, quasars did not conform to Newtonian physics or to Einstein’s equations. Therefore we can conclude that they formed prior to the Big Bang.
c.	Quasars have tremendous luminosities due to the super-heated gas being expelled outwards in huge jets that are larger and longer than their host galaxies.
d.	Don’t Select
e.	Quasars are red shifted revealing that the universe is expanding. Since the universe is expanding today then in the past in must have compacted into a smaller configuration.

The Law of Universal Gravitation states that gravity is a force that affects all matter in our Universe.
Multi-Select Question
What evidence supports this law in connection with the Big Bang model? (select 3 of 5 questions.)

a.	Gravity fused together hydrogen atoms to form helium ( nucleosynthesis).
b.	After hydrogen atoms formed, they began to clump together due to gravity.
c.	Gravity was first detected by the K.O.B.E. satellite in 1990 proving the Big Bang.
d.	Stars were “pulled” together into formations called galaxies by gravity.
e.	Don’t Select

Scientists use both ground-based telescopes and space-based telescopes (in orbit) to examine celestial objects.

Ground-Based Telescopes	Space-Based Telescopes

Multi-Select Question
Identify cause and effect relationships that explains why space-based telescopes have significant advantages over ground-based telescopes (Select 3 of 5 choices)

a.	Air absorbs most of the ultraviolet light radiating to our planet from outer space.
b.	Ground-based telescope are much less expensive than space-based telescopes..
c.	Earth’s atmosphere filters out much of the infrared radiation from space.
d.	Light pollution degrades the clarity of space images from ground-based telescopes.
e.	Don’t Select

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Observations have revealed that the speed of light is the same throughout the universe, and we have measured the speed of light as 300,000 km/s (186, 000 miles per second). Furthermore, a light year is the distance light travels in 365 Earth day, and we have observed galaxies that are billions of light years away from us.
How does our understanding of the speed of light support the Big Bang model?

a.	Modern technology allows us to travel faster than light to examine the early universe.
b.	This cosmic speed limit explains how gravity formed the first galaxies.
c.	Due to this speed limit, we can look back in time to see how the universe formed.

NASA has sent numerous robotic probes to Mars and throughout our solar system.

Mars Probe

What is the advantage of sending robot probes instead of humans when exploring Mars and other distant locations in our solar system?

a.	With current technology, the missions are dangerous/hazardous to human life.
b.	Humans are more intelligent and perform more complex experiments than robots.
c.	Robot technology is highly advanced, and robots can explore better than human beings.

Edwin Hubble discovered that bright objects in the night sky were actually galaxies far away from and separate from our own local configuration of stars called the Milky Way. He also discovered that the great majority of these galaxies were red shifted. This provided strong evidence for the inflation model (Big Bang theory).
According to Hubble’s law, the farther away a galaxy is,

a.	the faster it is moving toward us.
b.	the slower it is moving away from us.
c.	the faster it is moving away from us.

The following diagrams show stages of the universe’s formation per the Big Bang Theory.

1st Stage	2nd Stage	3rd Stage

One supporting piece of evidence that strongly supports the Big Bang model is how wavelengths of light from galaxies moving away from our solar system (see stage three above) are observed to be...?

a.	longer than normal (red shift)
b.	longer than normal (blue shift)
c.	shorter than normal (blue shift)

According to the Big Bang model, during the early stages of the formation of the universe, before stars and galaxies formed, the universe was very dense, extremely hot, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot hydrogen plasma. Scientists predicted that this radiation should be still be observable, and this was confirmed in 1948 by Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman.

Alpher and Herman

How did the discovery of this cosmic background radiation support the Big Bang Theory?

a.	If the universe was compacted into a small area in the past, it must have been very hot. This radiation is what remains from this extremely hot period.
b.	If there is radiation from space impacting our solar system, this could explain the formation of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon.
c.	Cosmic models such as the Steady State theory and the Inflation theory postulate that the early universe mostly contain a wide range of radiation types.

The Hubble space telescope was placed in Earth’s orbit in 1990 by NASA’s space shuttle.

Space Shuttle	Hubble Telescope

Since ground-based telescopes are much less expensive, what was the main reason for placing this telescope in space.

a.	Space shuttle crews needed practice placing satellites in orbit around our planet.
b.	Outside of Earth’s atmosphere, telescopes can produce more and much better images.
c.	The Hubble telescope was a novelty experiment paid for by donations.

10.

According the Big Bang model, none of the elements shown below could have existed during the early stages of the formation of the universe.

Sodium	Mercury	Oxygen

Identify the cause and effect connection that supports the previously given statement concerning these three elements.

a.	Cause: Sodium atoms contain 11 protons and have an atomic mass of 23.0. Effect: Therefore, sodium atoms also have 11 electrons in their electron shells.
b.	Cause: Hydrogen, the most simple of all elements, was the first atom formed. Effect: Gravity in stars formed all later atoms starting with hydrogen, then helium, etc.
c.	Cause: Mercury is a metal with an atomic number of 80. Effect: It was too hot for metals to exist in the early universe. Only gases existed.