(Stnd 14) Quiz-Big Bang WS

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

The Hubble space telescope was placed in Earth’s orbit in 1990 by NASA’s space shuttle.
Orbital telescopes like this can be used to study our Sun, and they can also be used to study light from the two Alpha Centauri starts that are 4.3 lightyears away from Earth.

Space Shuttle	Hubble Telescope

It takes light about 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to planet Earth, and it takes star light from Alpha Centauri 4.3 years to travel to Earth.
How have we used this lightspeed phenomenon to develop the Big Bang Theory?

a.	Humans use telescope technology to measure the speed of light in our local solar system and beyond. We discovered that lightspeed decreased over great distances.
b.	Light travels at the same speed everywhere. We use this to “look back into time” at distant objects in our universe.
c.	We use telescopes to help us view object that are far away. These optical tools increase magnification so that our eyes can discern the details.
d.	Lightyear is the amount of distance that a beam of light travels in one 365 day period.

According to the Big Bang model, during the early stages of the formation of the universe, before stars and galaxies formed, the universe was very dense, extremely hot, and filled with a uniform glow from white-hot hydrogen plasma. Scientists predicted that this radiation should be still be observable, and this was confirmed in 1948 by Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman.

Alpher and Herman

How did the discovery of this cosmic microwave background radiation support the Big Bang Theory?

a.	If the universe was compacted into a very small area in the past, it must have been intensely hot. This microwave radiation is what remains from this extremely hot period.
b.	With an average temperature around -270.45 Celsius (-454.81 Fahrenheit), space is very cold and hostile to life. However, this radiation heats planets allowing life to exist.
c.	If there is radiation from space impacting our solar system, this could explain the formation of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon.
d.	Cosmic models such as the Steady State theory and the Inflation theory postulate that the early universe must have contained a wide range of radiation types.

Observations have revealed that the speed of light is the same throughout the universe, and we have measured the speed of light as 300,000 km/s (186, 000 miles per second). Furthermore, a light year is the distance light travels in 365 Earth days, and we have observed galaxies that are billions of light years away from us.
How does our understanding of the speed of light support the Big Bang model?

a.	This cosmic speed limit explains how gravity formed the first galaxies.
b.	Due to this speed limit, we can look back in time to see how the universe formed.
c.	Einstein’s equation (E=mc²) showed energy converted into matter at light speed.
d.	Modern technology allows us to travel faster than light to examine the early universe.

These data tables show the distance of various galaxies from Earth in millions of light-years (Mly) at different times.
Which table supports the theory of expansion in the formation of the universe?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Edwin Hubble discovered that bright objects in the night sky were actually galaxies far away from and separate from our own local configuration of stars called the Milky Way. He also discovered that the great majority of these galaxies were red shifted. This provided strong evidence for the inflation model (Big Bang theory).
According to Hubble’s law, the farther away a galaxy is,

a.	the faster it is moving toward us.	c.	the faster it is moving away from us.
b.	the slower it is moving away from us.	d.	the slower it is moving toward us.

According to the Big Bang model, none of the elements shown below could have existed during the early stages of the formation of the universe.

Sodium	Mercury	Oxygen

Identify the cause and effect connection that supports the previously given statement concerning these three elements.

a.	Cause: There is no air in space. Effect: So, oxygen did not exist until planets like Earth were formed.
b.	Cause: Hydrogen, the most simple of all elements, was the first atom formed. Effect: Gravity in stars formed all later atoms starting with hydrogen, then helium, etc.
c.	Cause: Mercury is a metal with an atomic number of 80. Effect: It was too hot for metals to exist in the early universe. Only gases existed.
d.	Cause: Sodium atoms contain 11 protons and have an atomic mass of 23.0. Effect: Therefore, sodium atoms also have 11 electrons in their electron shells.

The following diagrams show stages of the universe’s formation per the Big Bang Theory.

1st Stage	2nd Stage	3rd Stage

One supporting piece of evidence that strongly supports the Big Bang model is how wavelengths of light from galaxies moving away from our solar system (see stage three above) are observed to be...?

a.	longer than normal (blue shift)	c.	shorter than normal (blue shift)
b.	shorter than normal (red shift)	d.	longer than normal (red shift)

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

The Law of Universal Gravitation describes how gravity is a force that affects all matter in our universe.
Multi-Select Question
What evidence supports this law in connection with the Big Bang model? (select 3 choices).

a.	Gravity was first detected by the K.O.B.E. satellite in 1990 proving the Big Bang.
b.	After hydrogen atoms formed, they began to clump together due to gravity.
c.	Gravity fused hydrogen atoms to form helium and other elements (nucleosynthesis).
d.	Stars were “pulled” together into formations called galaxies by gravity.

(Multi-Select Question)
The composition of stars is considered to be supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory about the formation of the universe.

What are the two most common elements found in stars, and how does stellar composition support the inflation model? (Select Two Answers)

a.	Stars formed when gravitational forces converted matter into solar energy.
b.	Hydrogen was the first atom to form after the Big Bang followed later by helium.
c.	The main elements in stars are carbon (about 22%) and oxygen (about 76%).
d.	The main elements in stars are hydrogen ( about 73%) and helium ( about 25%).

10.

In the 1950s we discovered massive celestial objects emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy. We call them quasars, and they are huge black holes in the center of early galaxies with superheated gases jetting out from them along with radio waves.

Black Hole	Quasar

(Multi-Select Question)
At a science conference you are challenged to construct an explanation using cause and effect connections about how quasars support the Big Bang model.
(Select 2 choices).

a.	Quasars are red shifted revealing that the universe is expanding. Since the universe is expanding today then in the past in must have been compacted into a smaller area.
b.	Quasars have tremendous luminosities due to the super-heated gas being expelled outwards in huge jets that are larger and longer than their host galaxies.
c.	Unlike other celestial objects, quasars did not conform to Newtonian physics or to Einstein’s equations. Therefore we can conclude that they formed prior to the Big Bang.
d.	In 2017, a quasar was discovered that is 13.1 billion light years away allowing us to view the early stages of galaxy formation not long after the Big Bang event.