Multiple Response Identify one
or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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1.
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In the 1950s we discovered massive celestial
objects emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy. We call them quasars, and they are huge black
holes in the center of early galaxies with superheated gases jetting out from them along with radio
waves. (Multi-Select
Question) At a science conference you are challenged to construct an explanation using
cause and effect connections about how quasars support the Big Bang model. (Select 2 choices).
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2.
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The Law of Universal Gravitation describes how
gravity is a force that affects all matter in our universe. Multi-Select
Question What evidence supports this law in connection with
the Big Bang model? (select 3 choices).
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3.
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(Multi-Select Question) The composition
of stars is considered to be supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory about the formation of the
universe. What are the two most common elements found in
stars, and how does stellar composition support the inflation model? (Select Two Answers)
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Multiple Choice Identify the choice
that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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4.
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Edwin Hubble discovered that bright objects in the night sky were actually
galaxies far away from and separate from our own local configuration of stars called the Milky Way.
He also discovered that the great majority of these galaxies were red shifted. This provided strong
evidence for the inflation model (Big Bang theory). According to Hubble’s law, the
farther away a galaxy is,
a. | the faster it is moving away from us. | c. | the slower it is moving toward
us. | b. | the faster it is moving toward us. | d. | the slower it is moving away from
us. |
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5.
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The following diagrams show stages of the universe’s formation per the Big
Bang Theory. 1st Stage
| 2nd Stage | 3rd Stage | | | | | | |
One supporting piece of evidence that strongly supports the Big Bang
model is how wavelengths of light from galaxies moving away from our solar system (see stage three
above) are observed to be...?
a. | longer than normal (blue shift) | c. | shorter than normal (red
shift) | b. | shorter than normal (blue shift) | d. | longer than normal (red
shift) |
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6.
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Observations have revealed that the speed of light is the same throughout the
universe, and we have measured the speed of light as 300,000 km/s (186, 000 miles per second).
Furthermore, a light year is the distance light travels in 365 Earth days, and we have observed
galaxies that are billions of light years away from us. How does our understanding of the
speed of light support the Big Bang model?
a. | Modern technology allows us to travel faster than light to examine the early
universe. | b. | Due to this speed limit, we can look back in time to see how the universe
formed. | c. | Einstein’s equation (E=mc2) showed energy converted into matter at
light speed. | d. | This cosmic speed limit explains how gravity formed the first
galaxies. |
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7.
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These data tables show the distance of various galaxies from Earth in millions
of light-years (Mly) at different times. Which table supports the theory of expansion in the
formation of the universe?
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8.
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The Hubble space telescope was placed in
Earth’s orbit in 1990 by NASA’s space shuttle. Orbital telescopes like this can be
used to study our Sun, and they can also be used to study light from the two Alpha Centauri starts
that are 4.3 lightyears away from Earth.
Space Shuttle | Hubble
Telescope | | | | | It takes light about 8 minutes to travel
from the Sun to planet Earth, and it takes star light from Alpha Centauri 4.3 years to travel to
Earth. How have we used this lightspeed phenomenon to
develop the Big Bang Theory?
a. | We use telescopes to help us view object that are far away. These optical tools
increase magnification so that our eyes can discern the details. | b. | Light travels at the
same speed everywhere. We use this to “look back into time” at distant objects in our
universe. | c. | Lightyear is the amount of distance that a beam of light travels in one 365 day
period. | d. | Humans use telescope technology to measure the speed of light in our local solar
system and beyond. We discovered that lightspeed decreased over great
distances. |
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9.
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According to the Big Bang model, during the early stages of the formation of the
universe, before stars and galaxies formed, the universe was very dense, extremely hot, and
filled with a uniform glow from white-hot hydrogen plasma. Scientists predicted that this radiation
should be still be observable, and this was confirmed in 1948 by Ralph Alpher and Robert
Herman. How did the discovery of
this cosmic microwave background radiation support the Big Bang Theory?
a. | Cosmic models such as the Steady State theory and the Inflation theory postulate that
the early universe must have contained a wide range of radiation types. | b. | If there is
radiation from space impacting our solar system, this could explain the formation of the Sun, the
Earth, and the Moon. | c. | With an average temperature around -270.45
Celsius (-454.81 Fahrenheit), space is very cold and hostile to life. However, this radiation heats
planets allowing life to exist. | d. | If the universe was compacted into a very small
area in the past, it must have been intensely hot. This microwave radiation is what remains from this
extremely hot period. |
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10.
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According to the Big Bang model, none of the
elements shown below could have existed during the early stages of the formation of the universe.
Identify the cause and effect connection
that supports the previously given statement concerning these three elements.
a. | Cause: Mercury is a metal with an atomic number of
80. Effect: It was too hot for metals to exist in the
early universe. Only gases existed. | b. | Cause:
Sodium atoms contain 11 protons and have an atomic mass of 23.0. Effect: Therefore, sodium atoms also have 11 electrons in their electron
shells. | c. | Cause: Hydrogen, the most simple of all elements,
was the first atom formed. Effect: Gravity in stars
formed all later atoms starting with hydrogen, then helium, etc. | d. | Cause: There is no air in space. Effect: So, oxygen did not exist until planets like Earth were
formed. |
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