Develop a scientific explanation of how natural
selection plays a role in determining the survival of a species in a changing
environment.
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1.
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Fossil evidence and genetic analysis led biologists to conclude that in the
distant past dolphins. were terrestrial organisms. How does natural selection lead to changes
in the shape, appearance, and/or size of individuals in species population?a. | Beneficial variations accumulate among surviving members of the
species. | b. | Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species. | c. | Environmental
changes favor weaker members of the species. | d. | Stronger offspring kill weaker members of the
species. |
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2.
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A termite population was sprayed with insecticide. After being sprayed, the
number of surviving termites were counted and recorded. This process was repeated for six
generations. The results are shown the table below. Which statement best explains why later generations had higher
percentages of termites that survived?a. | Earlier termite generations had larger numbers of old and weak
individuals. | b. | Later termite generations were better at avoiding the insecticide spray
effects. | c. | Earlier termite generations had smaller population numbers than later
generations. | d. | Later termite generations were the offspring of those with resistance to the
insecticide. |
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3.
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Three species of birds live on a remote island in
the Pacific Ocean.
Bird A | Bird B | Bird C | Heavy beak for eating
big
seeds | Sharp beak for
eating insects | Sharp but wide beak for insects and/or small seeds | | | | | | |
If the climate changed so that all
the seed-bearing plants on the island died off, which bird or birds would probably be the least
affected? a. | Bird B | b. | Bird A | c. | Bird C | d. | Both A &
B |
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4.
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The Canyon Spotted Whiptail and the Sonoran Spotted Whiptail are lizard species
that live in the same desert. Canyon Spotted Whiptails reproduce sexually, but the Sonoran Spotted
Whiptails reproduce asexually. Which lizard
species is more likely to survive a drastic sudden change in climate?a. | Canyon Spotted Whiptail are more likely to survive because species with male and
female members produce more offspring. | b. | Canyon Spotted Whiptail are more likely to
survive because sexual reproduction results in greater genetic diversity. | c. | Sonoran Spotted
Whiptail are more likely to survive because their genetic similarities will keep the species
stable | d. | Sonoran Spotted Whiptails are more likely to survive because all members of the
species can reproduce. |
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5.
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John was not feeling well, and he therefore was seen by his doctor. It was
determined that John had a bacterial infection in his lungs (pneumonia). John was prescribed
amoxicillin, an antibiotic, to fight the infection. He was supposed to take one pill three times a
day for three days. However, after the second day, John felt much better and he stopped taking the
antibiotic pills (see table below). Bacterial Population in
John’s Lungs | Day 01 | Day
02 | Day 03 | | | | | | | |
By the fifth day he was feeling unwell again and
was having a difficult time breathing. Which diagram below most likely represents the
bacterial population in his lungs on day five?
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6.
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Male peafowl, called peacocks, have long, colorful tail feathers. Among peacocks
there are phenotype variations regarding the size, brightness, and pattern of their tail feathers.
Biologists
observed the mating success of two groups of peacocks (smaller tails feathers vs larger tail
feathers) during one mating season. The graph above displays the scientists’ data concerning
mating success for these two phenotype groups. How did the bigger more colorful tail feathers
evolve in peacocks even though they reduce the mobility of males?a. | Larger, more colorful tails attract females increasing the frequency of
mating. | b. | Less mobility is a disadvantage which makes it easier for predators to kill and eat
them. | c. | Peacocks with the larger tails can fly farther and faster which is a survival
advantage. | d. | This is survival of the fittest. Those with smaller tail feathers survived more
often. |
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7.
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Students were studying a moth population in a local forest. Most of the trees in
this forest had black colored bark but some trees had gray or white colored bark. The students
graphed the color distribution of moths in this forest as shown in the graph below. Two years later a fungal disease
devastated the forest and wiped out nearly all of the black colored trees. Which of the
following graphs displays the probable distribution of moth wing color within the new few
years?
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8.
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Phenotype variations appear due to the results of sexual reproduction and/or due
to mutations. If a mutation introduces a new skin color
in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of this new phenotype will
increase?a. | whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other
lizards | b. | whether the mutation formed due electromagnetic radiation or excessive solar
radiation | c. | whether the mutation was caused by nature (natural selection) or by human
intervention (artificial selection) | d. | whether the mutation resulted from harmful
chemical introduced into the ecosystem as pollution |
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9.
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Natural selection can result in structural changes to the appearance, size,
and/or shape of individuals in a species population. (See horse diagram below) Diagram of Structural Changes in Horses | | |
How does this process occur?a. | Overproduction provides food for stronger members causing mutations to
occur. | b. | Individuals with better adapted phenotypes survive and reproduce. | c. | Stronger offspring
kill weaker members of the species increasing genetic diversity. | d. | Environmental
changes kill weaker members of the species until extinction occurs. |
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Multiple Response
Identify one
or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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10.
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The graph below shows the number of birds with a given beak length in one
ecosystem. Data was collected before and after an extended drought. | The clear columns are from
before the drought, and the dark columns are from after the drought. For example, before the drought,
about 30 birds with a beak depth of 8.3 mm were counted. | | |
Multi-Select
Question
Which two statements below are best supported by the data in the graph?
(Select Two Choices)
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