(Stnd 11) Quiz-Phenotype Variations WS

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The diagram below shows male stag beetles with different mandible phenotypes.

---These male beetles often fight each other over food sources and to mate with female beetles.
---Males with larger mandible phenotypes have a significant advantage over those with smaller mandibles.

If food resources in these beetle’s habitat become scarce, which two mandible phenotypes will have the best chance of surviving?

a.	Tiny and Small	c.	Small and Medium
b.	Absent and Medium	d.	Large and Medium

In a population of spiders there are three different phenotypic traits regarding sizes: small, medium, and large.
---The large spiders are easily seen by predators.
---Small spiders have a difficult time capturing food.

Small Variant	Medium Variant	Large Variant

What will most likely happen to this population of spiders after many generations?

a.	Medium spiders will be the most plentiful
b.	Large spiders will learn to hide from predators
c.	Small and medium spiders will be the least plentiful
d.	Small and large spiders will mutate

A population of grass originally had equal amounts of three different genotypes. Over five generations, the percent of each genotype in the population changed.

Genotypes	Phenotypes	Original Percent of Population	Percent of Population after 5 Generations
GG	Dark Green	33.3%	75.0%
gg	Light Green	33.3%	20.0%
Gg	Dark Green	33.3%	5.0%

Which statement describes the most likely reason for this change?

a.	Genotype GG with the dark green phenotype produced seeds that were unable to grow into plants.
b.	Genotype Gg with the dark green phenotype was the best adapted to this environment and produced the most seeds.
c.	Genotype gg with the light green phenotype produced the greatest number of seeds and was the best adapted.
d.	Genotype GG with the dark green phenotype was best adapted to this environment, and it therefore flourished.

A rabbit species in the Rocky Mountains exhibits different fur color phenotypes depending on the season. The table below shows data collected on this rabbit species during the summer.

	Rabbit Fur Color	Percentage of Population
	Gray	37%
	Brown	52%
	Black	10%
	White	1%

Two Part Question

Part One: Which fur color phenotype will probably increase the most during the winter?

Part Two: Why will this phenotype be more common during the winter?

a.	Part One: Gray fur phenotype will increase the most *Part Two:* Gray fur will enable them to blend in with the rocks so they can prey on mice.
b.	Part One: White fur phenotype will increase the most Part Two: Being white will better help them blend in with the snow to escape predators.
c.	Part One: Brown fur phenotype will increase the most Part Two: Brown fur will allow them hide in the dark brown soil found in this region.
d.	*Part One:* Black fur phenotype will increase the most Part Two: Black will be the dominate phenotype because they only come out at night.

Phenotype variation occurs as a result of the exchange of genetic information from sexual
reproduction and/or from genetic mutations.

Which of the following is true about inherited variation?

a.	Variation can influence the amount of rainfall in an ecosystem.
b.	Variation can influence the resources that are available to an organism.
c.	Variation can influence the amount of available food in an ecosystem
d.	Variation can influence whether organisms are more likely to survive to reproduce.

Examine the picture(s) below of various tortoises that live in different locations in the Galapagos Islands.

Based on the pictures shown above of these three tortoises, which of the following is the best explanation of why they have different neck lengths?

a.	The Isabela Island tortoise has a short neck because there is limited food resources on their island, so they do not need to reach very far.
b.	The Pinta Island tortoise has a medium neck because they are a hybrid of the Hood and Isabela Island tortoises. Their neck length is not related to their environment.
c.	Over many generations the tortoises with the most effective neck length phenotypes survived to reproduce as they adapted to the unique environment on each island.
d.	The Hood Island tortoise has a long neck because there is plenty of food resources on their island, so their long neck allows them to reach up to eat plant leaves.

The habitat of a moth species included trees with both light and dark colored bark.
Therefore, the moth species included both light and dark colored variants.

Then the light-colored trees were wiped out by a disease, and within a few years nearly all the moths in this forest were dark colored
Which of the following choices BEST explains what happened?

a.	The few light moths that survived did not mate, and therefore they had no offspring.
b.	The light moths changed their wing pigments to darker colors to avoid being eaten.
c.	The light moths that survived all had dark offspring in order to adapt to the change.
d.	The dark moths were less visible to predators, so mostly light moths were eaten.

A single bird species only ate seeds from two different types of trees in a forest. About half of the birds had smaller beak phenotype for eating small seeds, and the other half had a larger beak phenotype for eating big seeds.

Smaller Beak	Larger Beak

A drought occurred over several years, and it killed off nearly all of the trees with the small seeds. At the end of this dry period, most of the birds had larger beaks.
How is this best explained?

a.	The small-beaked birds grew larger beaks so they could eat big seeds.
b.	The birds with larger beaks killed and ate the birds with smaller beaks.
c.	Larger beaked birds were better at eating the large seeds from the trees that survived.
d.	A new predator arrived in this ecosystem, and it only ate small beaked birds.

Individual spiders in a population of tarantulas have a variety of phenotypes. Some of the spiders have the ability to flick hairs into the eyes of predators allowing the spiders to escape from being eaten. Yet a small percentage of the spider population does not have these hairs.

Tarantula

Why are the tarantulas that have these hairs more likely to produce offspring than the hairless tarantulas?

a.	The egg sacs of tarantulas that have the hairs are larger and produce more offspring.
b.	Hairless tarantulas attract more mates. Therefore they produce more offspring.
c.	Hairy tarantulas are less likely to be eaten, so they are more likely to survive to mate.
d.	Tarantulas that have the hairs will blend in with their environment.

10.

One population of rabbits in a meadow near a forest in Canada contained four variants:
---1) Phenotype: rabbits with a larger tail
---2) Phenotype: rabbits with a light-colored fur (white or gray)
---3) Phenotype: rabbits with a dark-colored fur (black or brown)
---4) Phenotype: rabbits with a larger ears

From 2005 to 2016 the winters is this area lasted much longer than usual, and there was increased snowfall.
Which variant of rabbits most likely benefited during this period of climate change?

a.	Rabbits with lighter colored fur benefited and increased in numbers.
b.	Rabbits with darker colored fur benefited and increased in numbers.
c.	The rabbits with larger ears were the best adapted to this change in climate.
d.	The rabbits with larger tails had a significant advantage over the other rabbits.